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Why is a Motor Rated in kW instead of kVA?

Why are Electric Motors Rated in kW or Horsepower (hp) and Not in kVA?

We already know that transformer ratings may be expressed in kVA instead of kW. The same applies to generators and alternators, which are also rated in kVA while motors are rated in kW or hp (horsepower). This is because the manufacturer and designer don’t know the actual consumer power factor (P.F) while manufacturing transformers and generators.

The power factor (PF) of transformers and generators/ alternators depends on the nature of the connected load, such as resistive, capacitive, and inductive loads. These factors affect the overall power factor of transformer and generator, as they consume reactive power according to the load. The scenario is different in the case of the rating of electric motors.

 

Why is Motor Rated in kW instead of kVA

On the other hand, an electric motor has a fixed power factor, i.e., the motor has a defined power factor (P.F), and the rating is mentioned in kW on the motor nameplate data table. That’s why we rate the motor in kW or HP (kilowatts/horsepower) instead of kVA. In clearer terms, the motor only consumes active power in watts as input and provides mechanical power in hp (horse power) or kW at the motor shaft as output.

In addition, an electric motor is a machine that converts electrical power into mechanical power. In this case, the load is not electrical but mechanical (motor’s output), and we take into account only active power, which has to be converted into mechanical load. Moreover, the motor power factor does not depend on the load, and it works with any power factor due to its design. These are the simple reasons why a motor is rated in horsepower (hp) or watts (W) instead of volt-amperes (VA).

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20 Comments

    1. There is a AC synchronous generator with cosθ = 0.85 supply for a AC asynchronous motor with cosθ = 0.92
      Could you explain for me the different between two power factors.
      Thanks so much !

  1. Thanks for such an informative post. The difference between kW and kVA is not known to most of the people.

  2. There is a AC synchronous generator with cosθ = 0.85 supply for a AC asynchronous motor with cosθ = 0.92
    Could you explain for me the different between two power factors.
    Thanks so much !

  3. No . Motor power factor depends upon the load. Increasing the load increasing the power factor. So a induction motor should always be pit on maximum load. If we have only induction motor loads in a factory then we we use capacitor bank

  4. Its interesting while reading the informations. but answers are not clear in many topics. many of the answers are specified with some reasons. There wont be any explanation for those reasons. At the time, we get struck to believe the answers which are specified is really a correct. so please explain the reason along with the answer. then only the reader get to understand it clearly. just i expressed my suggestion. :-)

  5. If we have three phase and neutral supply and we get deferent voltage between each phase and neutral. I want to know that how can we get equal voltage in between each phase and neutral.

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