DC Circuits MCQs with Explanatory Answers

Answer:     4.    Zero
Explanation:

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Answer       2         False
Explanation: There is no concept of power factor improvement in DC Circuits because the phase angle (θ) between Current (I) and voltage (V) is 0 and the then power factor becomes Cos θ = 1. So power factor in DC Circuits is 1 and Only 1. In other words there is no reactive component in DC Circuits so the power factor is 1. And the Power Formula in DC Circuits is P = V x I.

Answer:      ( 4 )

Explanation:

For a simple electrical circuit, Ohm’s law can be used to determine the potential difference between two points and current flowing through them. However, for complex electrical network Kirchhoff’s laws are useful.

According to Kirchhoff’s first law, algebraic sum of currents meeting at a junction point is zero.

According to Kirchhoff’s second law, algebraic sum of voltage drops and EMFs in a closed loop or mesh is equal to zero.

Once the value of current or value of voltage drops is determined, it is easy to determine power in the circuit if value of resistance is known.

Answer:      ( 2 )

Explanation:

Given below is the redrawn circuit with nomenclatures as given below:

Answer:     ( 1 )

Cramer’s rule applies use of matrices to solve linear equations comprising of unknown quantities. This is used to find values of unknown electrical parameters in electrical networks where simple methods prove to be inconvenient.

Consider a network system with three linear equations as given below:

Matrix form of the above equation is as given below:

a₁₁         a₁₂         a₁₃

a₂₁         a₂₂         a₂₃

a₃₁         a₃₂         a₃₃

The first step in Cramer’s rule involves determining the determinant of the above matrix, i.e. value of Δ

The next step involves replacing the first column with values of the equations in right hand side and then determining the determinant of the resultant matrix, i.e. value of Δ₁

In the same procedure as above, values of Δ₂ and Δ₃ are determined.

Finally, the unknown values are determined as: x₁ = Δ₁/Δ; x₂ = Δ₂/Δ; x₃ = Δ₃/Δ

Answer:      ( 3 )

For loop ABEFA, the linear equation is as given below:

                                                                                       16I₁ + 14I₂ + 12I₃ = 12

Or,

8I₁ + 7I₂ + 6I₃ = 6…………………..1

For loop BCHGB, the linear equation is:

                                                                   -10 – 12I₃ + 2I₂ + 2I₁ = 0

Or,                                                               -6I₃  +  I₂  + I_{1  =}  5 ……………………….2

For loop GHDEG, the linear equation is:

                                                               3I₃  + 3I₂  + 3I₁ = 1……………………….3

Matrix for three equations is:

                                              8    7    6      I₁        6

                                              1    1   -6  x  I₂  =  5

                                              3    3    3      I₃      1

Determinant for the first matrix is :

Δ = 168 – 147 = 21

Second matrix for the first unknown variable is:

Δ₁ = 126 – 147 + 84 = 63

First unknown variable, I₁ = Δ₁/Δ = 3 Amperes

Third matrix for the second unknown variable is: 

                                                                            8   8    6

                                                                            1   5   -6

                                                                            3   1    3

Δ₂ = 168 – 126 – 84 = -42

Second unknown variable, I₂ = -2 Amperes

                                                                    8   7   6

Fourth matrix for third unknown variable =  1   1   5

                                                                    3   3   1

Δ₃ = -112 + 98 = -14

Third unknown variable, I₃ = -0.6 Amperes

Negative sign shows direction of current is opposite.

Answer:     ( 3 )

From the given circuit diagram, it is clear that the resistor network in CEDC is in delta connection as given below:

Transforming above into star connection, we find the values of resistors as given below

From the delta network, sum of individual resistances, R_sum = 200 Ohms

From the star network,

R10 = R4 x R7/200 = 25 Ohms

R9 = R6 x R7/200 = 25 Ohms

R8 = R4 x R6/200 = 12.5 Ohms

Substituting the star connected resistors in the circuit, we get the given circuit as:

Simplifying the circuit will be as given below

Thus total resistance of the circuit, or resistance between points A and B is:

R_t = R2 +(R4IIR5) = R2 + (( R5 x R4 )/( R5 + R4 )) = 63.83 Ohms

Current flowing through the network, I = V/R_t = 100/63.83 Amperes = 1.56 Amperes.

Answer:     ( 2 )

From the given circuit, converting the current source, we get the below equivalent circuit

Applying Superposition theorem:

Step1: Let us consider the voltage source V2 to be short. Hence, equal resistance will be:

R₁ = 25 + (30ll40) = 42.14 Ohms

Current through the circuit, I₁ = 100/42.14 = 2.373 Amperes

Current through AB, I₁^’ = I₁(40/70) = 1.356 Amperes

Step2: Let us consider the voltage source V1 to be short. Hence, equal resistance will be:

R₂ = 40 +(25II30) = 53.63 Ohms

Current through the circuit, I₂ = 100/53.63 = 1.864 Amperes

Current through AB, I₂^’ = I₂(25/55) = 0.847 Amperes

Hence, total current through AB = I₁^’ + I₂^’ = 2 Amperes ~ 2 Amperes.

Answer:      ( 2 )

According to Thevenin’s theorem, any bilateral network can be represented by a circuit having an independent voltage source in series with a resistance across its terminal. The voltage is termed as V_th or Thevenin voltage and the resistance is R_th or Thevenin resistance.

Answer:      ( 4 )

Considering Thevenin’s theorem if the resistance across terminals AB is removed, the path becomes open circuit.

Hence, current through the circuit = V1/(R1+R5) = 0.33 Amperes

Therefore, voltage across the resistor R5, i.e. V_th = 1.65 Volts

Equivalent resistance, R_th = 8 + (10II5) = 11.33 Ohms

Hence, equivalent Thevenin’s network is:

Current in branch AB = Vth/(Rth+R2) = 0.07 Amperes.

Answer:    ( 2 )

Using Norton’s theorem, let us first remove the resistor R6, between AB such that AB is short circuited.

Now, applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law to the first loop, we get: (Assume I1 is current through R1 and I2 is current through R5 and I_N is Norton’s current through AB)

15 – 2I1-4I_N = 0

Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law to the second loop, we get:

8 – 2I2-4I_N = 0

Now, from Kirchhoff’s current law at junction A

I_N = I1+I2

Hence, both the above loop equations are as given below:

6I1 + 4I2 = 15……….1

2I1 + 3I2 =  4

Solving both the above equations using Cramer’s rule, we get

Negative sign shows I2 is actually in opposite direction

Hence, Norton current, I_N = 2.3 Amperes

Now, equivalent resistance, or Norton’s resistance = R1IIR5 = 1 Ohm

Thus, Norton equivalent circuit is as given below:

Current through AB, I_AB = I_N (R_N/(R_N+R6)) = 2.3 (1/5) = 0.46 Amperes